|
Collations to ED Lu C and
D
Jon Taylor < j.j.taylor@bham.ac.uk >
Cuneiform
Digital Palaeography Project,
University of Birmingham
Keywords
lexical list, Fara, Early
Dynastic, profession, school tablet |
|
§1. Each of the Early Dynastic lexical ‘professions’ lists ED Lu C and D
has been known to Assyriology from a single source from Fara, published
by A. Deimel in WVDOG 43 (= SF) as numbers
47 and
48 respectively.
They were re-published in MSL 12 (1969), which contains editions
of professions lists from earliest times to the first millennium B.C.
The editions of these two lists there profited from updated and improved
readings. However, the source tablets were not collated. During a visit
to Berlin in February 2000, the present author was able to collate the
tablets, the results of which are presented below. The text of ED Lu C
in particular has changed significantly. Only limited notes will be given
here; the detailed analysis will be left to M. Krebernik, who has begun
a major work on all the Fara school tablets. Notes provided in MSL
12, 15-16, are not repeated here.
§2. The lists are an intriguing mix of familiar, well-attested professions and more enigmatic terms, some of which lend themselves to plausible interpretation, while others are more difficult to comprehend.
§3. This list is now also known from a prism fragment from
Nippur (6N-T 920). This fragment will be published by M. Civil in the official
volume of 6N-T texts. Thanks are due to Civil for sending me information
and a photo of the fragment. This Ur III(?) duplicate demonstrates that
the identification of obverse and reverse by Deimel was incorrect and
must be reversed. On account of this and some other problems with line
division, the line numbering requires change; the numbering of MSL
12 is given in brackets following the new line number. Variants from the
prism fragment are not given here (see
text on-line).
§4.
| 1 (66) |
tu |
| 2 (67) |
a-tu |
| 3 (68) |
gu4-x-si-a |
| 4 (69) |
max(SI)-DU |
| 5 (70) |
max(SI)-lah4 |
| 6 (71) |
max(SI)-gin2 |
| 7 (72) |
igi-tum3-la2 |
| 8 (73) |
PA:x:(x:)x |
| 9 (74) |
IGI.DUB-bar |
| 10 (58) |
sipa-udu |
| 11 (59) |
lu2-sag-udu-šid |
| 12 (60) |
lu2-gišnig2-la2 |
| 13 (61) |
gu2-šu-du8 |
| 14 (62) |
lu2-maš2-šu-gid2 |
| 15 (63) |
lu2-udu-HAR |
| 16 (64) |
dim2?-la2 |
| 17 (65) |
muhaldim |
| 18 (48) |
mu-ti |
| 19 (49) |
lu2-x-lah4 |
| 20 (50) |
sanga-gal |
| 21 (51) |
sanga-gal:KAŠ |
| 22 (52) |
sag:giš:gi |
| 23 (53) |
ad-NE |
| 24 (54) |
ŠU2.AD |
| 25 (55) |
USAN3?-šu-gal2 |
| 26 (56) |
u2-a |
| 27 (57) |
RI:KAŠ |
| 28 (41) |
˹lu2?-kuš?˺usan3-du3 |
| 29 (42) |
gu-la2 |
| 30 (43) |
DU6?:NITA(+KUR?)a |
| 31 (44) |
lu2-EN-IL2 |
| 32 (45) |
lu2-gu4:DI:lah4 |
| 33 (46) |
lu2-anše(LAK 239):DI:lah4 |
| 34 (47) |
lu2-maš2-nitaa-HI |
| 35 (34) |
DU:˹DI˺ |
| 36 (35) |
gab2-ra2 |
| 37 (36) |
sipa-anše(LAK 239) |
| 38 (37) |
lu2-anše-HAR |
| 39 (38) |
in-TAR |
| 40 (39) |
lu2-e2-gigir2 |
| 41 (40) |
kuš7 |
| 42 (25) |
lu2-nesag-(˹a˺?) |
| 43 (26) |
ša3-zu |
| 44 (27) |
NIM-zu |
| 45 (28) |
lu2-en-nu |
| 46 (29) |
nagar:KI |
| 47 (30) |
gidim?-igi-du8 |
| 48 (31) |
ensix(EN.LI) |
| 49 (32) |
ara |
| 50 (33) |
TAK4.ALAN |
| 51 (34) |
kaskal-erim2 |
| 52 (35) |
unu3 |
| 53 (19) |
sipa-gu4 |
| 54 (19) |
gu4-lah4 |
| 55 (20) |
teš2-tuku |
| 56 (21) |
lu2-nar(LAK 242) |
| 57 (22) |
lu2-šir3 |
| 58 (23) |
lu2-bur2:balag |
| 59 (24) |
lu2-RI:lagar |
| 60 (9) |
lu2-gi-di |
| 61 (10) |
lu2-ad-da |
| 62 (11-12) |
lu2-KA×UD:gar3-gar3:LAK50 |
| 63 (13) |
ezen:APIN? |
| 64 (14) |
lu2-NIG2-du-da |
| 65 (15) |
gab2:ŠU |
| 66 (16) |
˹SAR˺:nagar |
| 67 (1) |
AŠ-ti |
| 68 (2) |
EN.URUDU? |
| 69 (3) |
e2-du3 |
| 70 (4) |
lu2-E?-du-da |
| 71 (5) |
e2-du8 |
| 72 (6) |
lu2-IB |
| 73 (7) |
lu2-ninda2 |
| 74 (8) |
lu2-ku6-du-da |
§5.
| 1-2: |
The text now begins with two terms for members of the
cult in Kesh. For a discussion of these terms, see W. Moran, “The
Keš Temple Hymn and the Canonical Temple List,” in B. Eichler,
ed., Kramer Anniversary Volume: Cuneiform Studies in Honor of Samuel
Noah Kramer (=AOAT 25; Neukirchen-Vluyn 1976) 335-342.
|
| 3: |
Cf. List of Sumerian Words E 54 (MEE 3, 181): gu4-si. |
| 4-6: |
The apparent SI should be understood as a variant of
ma2 in these lines. These terms refer to boatmen. |
| 7: |
For the latest discussion of this term see H. Steible,
Die neusumerischen Bau- und Weihinschriften (=FAOS
9/2; Stuttgart 1991) 63-64. |
| 8: |
There are traces of extra signs not copied by Deimel. |
| 9: |
Cf. Izi XV A ii 24' (MSL 13, 169): IGI.DUB-ba[r?]= [...]. |
| 10-15: |
These lines form a sequence of terms associated with animals in various ways. |
| 11: |
This is perhaps someone who must count sheep, if šid here has its common meaning “to count” (= manû), well attested with reference to animals. |
| 19: |
There is a damaged sign between lu2 and lah4. |
| 25: |
The “NUNUZ+AB2” in MSL 12 seems closer to USAN3. |
| 28: |
There are traces before usan3 which were not copied by Deimel. |
| 32-38: |
These again are animal-related. 30, 34: The NITA-signs
are transliterated according to the chart in I. J. Gelb, “Terms for
Slaves in Ancient Mesopotamia,” in M.A. Dandamayev et al., eds., Societies and Languages
of the Ancient Near East: Studies in Honour of I. M. Diakonoff
(Warminster 1982) 96. In 30, the sign seems to have the remains of
two Winkelhaken preserved. |
| 47: |
The first sign does indeed seem to be gidim. |
| 48-49: |
These are both members of the cult of Enki. 48, ensi
is written EN.LI; there is no room available for a ME. This writing
is also known from Ebla, e.g. ED Lu E source I1 (MEE 3,
39). |
| 52-54: |
These once more are animal-related. 53 and 54 are given by Deimel as one line but a ruling between them is preserved on the tablet. |
| 56-60: |
These lines seem to be music-related. 58: cf. Kagal
section 9: 7' (MSL 13, 248): nundun-bur2-re-balag-ga2=
na-sa3-a-sum “to lament”; also
Enki‘s Journey to Nibru 64-65: ad-du10-ga nundun-bur2-re-balag-ga2
ša3 ni2-ba-ka ad ha-ba-ni-ib-ša4
“The ... resounded by themselves with a sweet sound”. |
| 62: |
This is given by Deimel as two lines but no ruling is visible on the tablet. The gar3 are clear; Deimel‘s copy is inaccurate here. |
| 63: |
This is given in SF 47 as ezen-x-giš. The last sign is definitely not giš (being preceded by a column of at least 9 horizontals). The x may be a separate sign (perhaps LAGAR) or may be part of the last sign. |
§6. Many of the entries in this list are obscure. A few
are found in other lists of this period e.g., l.1: i3-ra2-ra2
(ED Lu E 80), l. 14: lu2-sa-gaz (ED Lu E 153), or are familiar
from contemporary administrative documents (see
text on-line).
§7.
| 1 |
i3-ra2-ra2 |
| 2 |
NI:SUM:ir |
| 3 |
gu4-GIR2-GIR2 |
| 4 |
lu2-ti-ru |
| 5 |
lu2-AMA:GILIM:KEŠ2 |
| 6 |
lu2-UH3×SAL:DUN:DU:x |
| 7 |
x:[...] |
| 8 |
lu2-PI |
| 9 |
sukkal-du8 |
| 10 |
lu2-IGI+LAGAB |
| 11 |
lu2-kisal |
| 12 |
nu-ak-ak |
| 13 |
gu-RU |
| 14 |
lu2-sa!-gaz2 |
| 15 |
kaš4-kaš4 |
| 16 |
tug2.ZI+ZI.A:[x]:A |
| 17 |
lu2-še-ku4-ku4 |
| 18 |
lu2-SI.A:NIG2:x |
| 19 |
lu2-nu2 |
| 20 |
lu2-DUG×A |
| 21 |
ba-sar-ra |
| 22 |
igi:˹zi?˺:ki:gal |
| 23 |
lu2-ka-sig |
| 24 |
lu2-u3-nu-gar |
| 25 |
gu2-gal |
| 26 |
bahar2 |
| 27 |
mu-TAG-TAG |
| |
[two and a half columns empty] |
§8.
| 3: |
GIR2 here is perhaps to be read šumx. Cf. ED Lu E 197 (MSL 12, 19): lu2-šah-GIR2 |
| 10: |
For this term see F. Pomponio and G. Visicato,
Early Dynastic Administrative Tablets of Šuruppak (Naples
1994) 12, n. 13. |
| 15: |
This line is given in MSL 12 as nigin (from Deimel‘s “rim-rim”). However, the entry is kaš4-kaš4(rim4-rim4). |
| 16: |
The reading of ZI+ZI.A here is not clear
but see M. Civil, “Feeding Dumuzi’s Sheep: the Lexicon as a Source
of Literary Inspiration,“ in F. Rochberg-Halton, ed., Language,
Literature, and History: Philological and Historical Studies Presented
to Erica Reiner (=AOS 67; New Haven 1987) 49, n. 19. |
| 17: |
See J. Krecher, “DU= kux(-r)
‘eintreten, hineinbringen’,” ZA 77 (1987) 7-21 for the sign transliterated
here ku4. |
| 24: |
The sign transliterated u3 might
instead be igi-x or x(-x). For u3-nu-gar cf. ED Lu E 186
(MEE 3, 40), The
Instructions of Shuruppag 42-43: u3 nu-gar-ra na-ab-be2-˹e˺
eger-bi-še3 giš-par3-gin7
ši-me-ši-ib2-la2-e “You should
not speak improperly; later it will lay a trap for you.”, and see
P. Attinger, Eléments de linguistique sumérienne:
La construction de du11/e/di «dire» (=OBO Sonderband; Freiburg and Göttingen 1993) 734-735, §895.
|
|