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Artifact

Period

49 Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)

Material

31 clay

7 no value

6 stone

2 stone > mineral > agate

1 stone > mineral > amethyst

2 stone > mineral > hematite

Artifact type

1 Small Finds > eyestone

7 brick

3 cylinder

7 no value

5 seal (not impression)

2 seal (not impression) > Cylinder seal

2 sealing

1 tablet or envelope > envelope

16 tablet or envelope > tablet

2 tablet or envelope > tablet & envelope

3 tag

Provenience

16 Ešnunna (mod. Tell Asmar)

12 Nerebtum (mod. Iščali)

9 Shaduppum (mod. Tell Harmal)

1 Sippar-Yahrurum (mod. Tell Abu Habbah)

4 no value

6 uncertain (mod. uncertain)

1 uncertain (mod. Šišin)

Museum Collections

2 British Museum, London, UK

1 Département des Monnaies, Médailles et Antiques, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, France

12 Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures West Asia & North Africa Museum (formerly Oriental Institute), Chicago, Illinois, USA

1 Institute of Archaeology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

1 Louvre Museum, Paris, France

11 National Museum of Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq

5 Nies Babylonian Collection, Yale Babylonian Collection, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

1 anonymous

1 anonymous, Venice, Italy

1 de Liagre Böhl Collection, Netherlands Institute for the Near East, Leiden, The Netherlands

13 no value

Composite/seal

12 composite

13 composite witness

7 seal

10 seal impression

14 other

Textual

Language

35 Akkadian

3 Sumerian

12 no value

Genre

19 Administrative

3 Legal

5 Legal > Business / Contracts

1 Legal > Judicial > Oaths

18 Official or display

3 no value

Publication

Authors

1 Ahmed, Abdul-Karim Abdullah

1 Arnaud, Daniel

5 Beckman, Gary

2 Buchanan, Briggs

1 Collon, Dominique

1 Delaporte, Louis

5 Frankfort, Henri

32 Frayne, Douglas R.

1 Gentili, Paolo

9 Greengus, Samuel

5 Jacobsen, Thorkild

5 LLoyd, Seton

1 Lacambre, Denis

1 Menshed, Menshed Mutlaq

1 Muhamed, Ahmad Kamil

2 Rasheed, Fawzi

1 Reichel, Clemens

4 Repiccioli, Marco

3 Saporetti, Claudio

3 Simmons, Stephen D.

1 Waterman, Leroy

6 no value

3 van Dijk, Johannes J. A.

1 van Koppen, Frans

Date of publication

1 1910

1 1916

5 1940

2 1959

1 1960

1 1964

2 1965

2 1966

1 1967

3 1978

9 1979

2 1981

5 1986

32 1990

5 1995

2 1997

1 2001

1 2002

1 2004

1 2005

1 2007

1 2008-2009

4 2013

4 no value

Credits

Contributing project

6 Electronic Babylonian Library

12 Geomapping Landscapes of Writing

5 Oriental Institute Integrated Database

3 Yale Babylonian Collection

27 no value

Data

Artifact images

15 lineart

13 photo

Chemical data

0 With

49 Without

External link

10 Ancient Records of Middle Eastern Polities

6 Electronic Babylonian Library

10 Oriental Institute Integrated Database

1 Sceaux-cylindres du Proche-Orient ancien

2 The British Museum Collection

5 Yale Babylonian Collection

Image Annotations

1 With

48 Without

Publications

49 With

0 Without

Transliteration

41 With

8 Without

Text Annotations

0 With

49 Without

Transcription

0 With

49 Without

Translation

14 With

35 Without

Translation Language

14 en